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1.
J. appl. oral sci ; 28: e20190355, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1090783

ABSTRACT

Abstract The tongue participates in the oral phase of swallowing by pushing the food bolus toward the oropharynx. This relationship between tongue function and swallowing is little addressed addressed in individuals with temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). Objective: To analyze the association of functional tongue conditions on swallowing in individuals with TMD. Methodology: After approval by the Institutional Review Board, the study was conducted on 30 individuals of both sexes, aged 18 to 28 years, with TMD, and not treated for the disorder. Tongue function was assessed as to the mobility, pressure, and oral motor control. Swallowing was analyzed by clinical assessment during ingestion of solid (wafer biscuit) and liquid (water). Data regarding mobility and swallowing were collected using the orofacial myofunctional evaluation protocol. Tongue pressure was measured by the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, during elevation, protrusion, swallowing, and resistance test. The oral motor control was assessed by the oral diadochokinesis (DDK) test by rapid and repeated emissions of syllables "ta" and "ka". Data were statistically analyzed by the Spearman correlation coefficient, at a significance level of 5%. Results: Relationships were found between tongue function and swallowing for the following aspects: mobility (r=0.741), pressure in protrusion (r=-0.366), swallowing of saliva (r=-0.499), mean DDK rate in emissions "ta" (r=-0.424) and "ka" (r=-0.446), and mean DDK period in emissions "ta" (r=0.424) and "ka" (r=0.446). Thus, the greater the change in tongue mobility, the lower the tongue pressure in protrusion and swallowing of saliva, the lower the emissions per second, the longer the mean time between vocalizations, and the worse the swallowing of individuals with TMD. Conclusion: The functional conditions of the tongue regarding mobility, pressure, and oral DDK were associated with swallowing in individuals with TMD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Tongue/physiopathology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology , Deglutition/physiology , Reference Values , Saliva/physiology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Motor Skills/physiology
2.
Rev. Ateneo Argent. Odontol ; 57(2): 55-60, nov. 2017.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-973124

ABSTRACT

La saliva es un fluido biológico importante en la fisiología de la cavidad bucal. El propósito de estarevisión fue considerar las relaciones entre el edentulismo completo y el perfil fisiológico de la saliva. El flujo salival, el pH y la capacidad tampón tienen relación con el número de dientes perdidos, presencia de prótesis dentales y métodos de determinación del flujo (saliva no estimulada o estimulada). Las fracciones de proteínas en muestras de saliva total muestran diferencias entre individuos dentados y pacientes edéntulos. Este conocimiento permitirá a los clínicos, comprender mejor el impacto del edentulismo sobre las propiedades de la saliva y planificar el tratamiento en consecuencia.


Saliva is an important biological fluid in oralphysiology. The purpose of this review wasto consider relationships among complete edentulism and saliva physiological profile. Salivaryflow rate, pH and buffer capacity has a relationwith the number of missing teeth, presence ofdental prostheses and methods of determining flow rate (unstimulated or stimulated saliva). Protein fractions in whole salivary samplesshow differences between dentate individuals and edentulous patients. This knowledge willenable clinicians to better understand the impactof edentulism on salivary properties and plan treatment accordingly.


Subject(s)
Humans , Saliva/physiology , Mouth, Edentulous/physiopathology , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/physiology , Salivation/physiology , Tooth Loss/complications , Dental Prosthesis
3.
Braz. j. pharm. sci ; 52(4): 679-684, Oct.-Dec. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-951890

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The non-invasive collection and inexpensive nature of saliva has made it an attractive sample for use for diagnosis and research on several diseases. Storage circumstances may affect salivary component concentrations. The objective was to analyze calcium and phosphate stability in saliva samples stored at different conditions. Saliva of healthy people was stored and analyzed by spectrophotometry under different time and temperature conditions in order to evaluate calcium and phosphate stability. Calcium concentration was measured by Arsenazo III reaction at 600nm and phosphate by an acid-molybdate method at 650nm. Using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (k), we observed very good agreement (k>0.8) for all samples frozen at -20 oC up to 50 days. Thaw/refreezing cycles can compromise phosphate stability even though there is good agreement (0.61<k<0.8). Because of higher variability for refrigerated samples, they are not the best storage method, although calcium and phosphate levels could be considered stable when the samples were stored at 4 oC for 7 days. Our results revealed that under different conditions, calcium and phosphate levels are stable in saliva samples, and that freezing at -20oC is the storage condition of choice, allowing to accumulate a higher number of samples before analysis, making it suitable for routine and research assays.


Subject(s)
Humans , Phosphorus/analysis , Saliva/physiology , Calcium/analysis , Phosphorus/adverse effects , Spectrophotometry/instrumentation , Temperature , Sampling Studies
4.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 30(1): e129, 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952043

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Fetuin-A is a potent inhibitor of calcium-phosphate precipitation and of the calcification process, therefore it can also be related with dental calculus. Thus, we aimed to investigate a possible relationship between fetuin-A gene polymorphism and the presence of dental calculus. A possible relationship between serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of fetuin-A was also investigated. Fetuin-A c.742C > T and c.766C > G polymorphisms were investigated in 103 patients with or without dental calculus. Additionally, serum, saliva and GCF fetuin-A levels of patients were compared according to dental calculus presence. A significant difference was not observed in the distribution of the fetuin-A c.742C > T and c.766C > G polymorphisms between patients with or without dental calculus. Saliva and GCF fetuin-A concentrations of patients with dental calculus were statistically higher than those without dental calculus (P=0.001, P=0.036 respectively). According to our results, fetuin-A c.742C > T and c.766C > G polymorphisms were not associated with presence of dental calculus. However, higher GCF and saliva fetuin-A levels were detected in patients with dental calculus than in patients without dental calculus, which may result from an adaptive mechanism to inhibit mineral precipitation and eventually calculus formation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Polymorphism, Genetic , Saliva/chemistry , Dental Calculus/chemistry , Gingival Crevicular Fluid/chemistry , alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein/analysis , alpha-2-HS-Glycoprotein/genetics , Reference Values , Saliva/physiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Dental Calculus/physiopathology , Dental Calculus/genetics , Case-Control Studies , Analysis of Variance , Gingival Crevicular Fluid/physiology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Dental Plaque/chemistry , Genetic Association Studies , Genotype , Middle Aged
5.
Braz. oral res. (Online) ; 30(1): e104, 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952001

ABSTRACT

Abstract This in situ study assessed the effect of different times of salivary exposure on the rehardening of acid-softened enamel. Bovine enamel blocks were subjected in vitro to a short-term acidic exposure by immersion in 0.05 M (pH 2.5) citric acid for 30 s, resulting in surface softening. Then, 40 selected eroded enamel blocks were randomly assigned to 10 volunteers. Intraoral palatal appliances containing 4 enamel blocks were constructed for each volunteer, who wore the appliance for 12 nonconsecutive hours: initial 30 min, followed by an additional 30, and then by an additional 1 hour. For the last additional 10 hours the appliances were used at night, during the volunteers' sleep. Surface hardness was analyzed in the same blocks at baseline, after erosion and after each period of salivary exposure, enabling percentage of surface hardness recovery calculation (%SHR). The data were tested using repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). Increasing periods of salivary action promoted a progressive increase in the surface hardness (p < 0.001). However a similar degree of enamel rehardening (p = 0.641) was observed between 2 hours (49.9%) and 12 hours (53.3%) of salivary exposure. Two hours of salivary exposure seems to be appropriate for partial rehardening of the softened enamel surface. The use of the intraoral appliance during sleep did not improve the enamel rehardening after erosion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Adult , Cattle , Young Adult , Saliva/chemistry , Tooth Erosion/prevention & control , Tooth Remineralization , Dental Enamel/chemistry , Saliva/physiology , Surface Properties , Time Factors , Random Allocation , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Citric Acid/chemistry , Dental Enamel/drug effects , Healthy Volunteers , Hardness Tests
6.
Rev. Ateneo Argent. Odontol ; 55(2): 39-43, 2016.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-869398

ABSTRACT

La saliva juega un importante rol en la prevención y mantenimiento de la salud oral. La alteración del flujo salival es un factor clave en el desarrollo de diversas patologías e infecciones oportunistas en lacavidad bucal. Existen diversos caminos por los que algunos elementosque no son constituyentes y habituales de la saliva pueden llegar a ella, a través de rutas intracelulares y extracelulares; gracias a esta posibilidad, se abre una perspectiva para su aplicación en el diagnósticode determinadas patologías. El conocimiento de su composición y funciones ayudará a promoveren los profesionales una mayor conciencia del papel de la saliva en la prevención de patologías y mantenimiento de la salud oral.


Saliva plays an important role in the preventionand maintenance of oral health. Alterationof salivary flow is a key factor in the developmentof various diseases and opportunistic infectionsin the oral cavity.There are various way by which some elementsthat are not common constituents of saliva canreach it through intracellular and extracellularroutes; thanks to this possibility, a prospectfor application in the diagnosis of certainpathologies opens. The knowledge of itscomposition and functions, help promoteprofessionals, greater awareness of the roleof saliva in the prevention of diseasesand maintenance of oral health.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Saliva/physiology , Saliva , Xerostomia/diagnosis , Xerostomia/etiology , Mouth Diseases/diagnosis , Mouth Diseases/immunology , Mouth Diseases/prevention & control , Salivation/physiology
7.
Arq. ciênc. vet. zool. UNIPAR ; 18(4): 259-268, out-dez. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-816

ABSTRACT

O fluido oral é um líquido incolor e viscoso que resulta da combinação entre a saliva e os transudatos da cavidade oral, transudato da mucosa oral e fluido crevicular gengival. A saliva é secretada pelas glândulas salivares, enquanto o transudatos da cavidade oral tem origem nos capilares da mucosa e nos tecidos gengivais. O uso do fluido oral é assegurando por uma ampla base de investigações científicas na medicina humana e veterinária. Vários patógenos podem ser avaliados pela reatividade de anticorpos e ou identificação de antígenos. Além disso, o procedimento de coleta é simples, não invasivo e garante uma amostragem sistemática nos diagnósticos clínicos e em pesquisas. Por conseguinte, as informações relacionadas à secreção e composição, bem como os mecanismos de transporte dos componentes do fluido oral são de grande valor. Objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o fluido oral, enfatizando o processo de secreção, composição, mecanismos de transporte de substâncias, bem como suas aplicações clínicas e principais limitações nos seres humanos e nos animais domésticos.


The oral fluid is a colorless and viscous liquid that results from the combination of saliva and transudates of oral cavity, oral mucosal transudate and gingival crevicular fluid. Saliva is secreted from the salivary glands, while the transudates of oral cavity as its origin in capillary mucosa and gingival tissues. The use of oral fluid is thereby ensuring a broad base of scientific research in human and veterinary medicine. Several pathogens can be assessed by reactivity or identification of antibodies and antigens. Furthermore, the collection procedure is simple, noninvasive and provides a systematic sampling in clinical diagnostics and in research. Therefore, the information related to the secretion and composition as well as the transport mechanisms of the oral fluid components are of great value. The aim of this work is make a critical review of the oral fluid, emphasizing the process of secretion and composition, transport mechanisms of the substances present in the plasma to the oral cavity and its clinical applications and major limitations in humans and domestic animals.


El fluido oral es un líquido incoloro y viscoso que resulta de la combinación entre la saliva y los trasudados de la cavidad oral, trasudado de la mucosa oral y fluido crevicular gingival. La saliva es secretada por las glándulas salivales, mientras el trasudado de la cavidad oral tiene origen en los capilares de la mucosa y en los tejidos gingivales. El uso del fluido oral es garantizado por una amplia base de investigaciones científicas en la medicina humana y veterinaria. Varios agentes patógenos pueden ser evaluados por la reactividad de anticuerpos y/o la identificación de antígenos. Además, el procedimiento de recogida es simple, no invasivo, y asegura un muestreo sistemático en los diagnósticos clínicos y en la investigación. Por lo tanto, las informaciones relacionadas con la secreción y composición, así como los mecanismos de transporte de los componentes del fluido oral son importantes. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre el fluido oral, destacando el proceso de secreción, composición, mecanismos de transporte de sustancias, así como sus aplicaciones clínicas y principales limitaciones en los seres humanos y en los animales domésticos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Saliva/physiology , Saliva/immunology , Diagnosis
8.
Arq. gastroenterol ; 52(2): 156-160, Apr-Jun/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-748165

ABSTRACT

Background Several studies have reported that severe reflux esophagitis is rare in infants despite the well known high occurrence of regurgitation in early infancy. There is evidence of the importance of saliva for the pre-epithelial protection of the esophageal mucosa. Results A longitudinal study conducted on healthy infants indicated that the stimulated capacity of saliva secretion (saliva output per kg of body weight) was significantly higher during their first year of age compared to older children and adults. In addition, this secretion pattern was also observed in low weight newborns during the first weeks of life and persisted in infants with severe protein-calorie malnutrition (marasmus). Conclusion The greater ability to secrete saliva is an important physiological condition that may protect the infant from acid/pepsin aggression to the esophagus during early stages of development. .


Contexto Vários estudos têm indicado que a esofagite de refluxo é rara em lactentes no primeiro ano de vida a despeito da elevada ocorrência de regurgitação nesta fase da vida. Há evidências da importância da saliva para a proteção pré-epitelial da mucosa esofágica. Resultados Um estudo longitudinal conduzido em lactentes saudáveis indicou que a capacidade estimulada da secreção de saliva (volume de saliva/kg de peso) foi significativamente elevada no primeiro ano de vida comparada com crianças com mais idade e adultos jovens. Este padrão também foi observado nas primeiras semanas de vida de recém-nascidos com baixo peso e persistiu em lactentes com desnutrição proteico-calórica grave (marasmo) Conclusão A grande habilidade para secretar saliva é uma importante condição fisiológica que pode proteger o lactente da agressão ácido/péptica do esôfago durante os primeiros estágios do seu desenvolvimento. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Esophagitis, Peptic/physiopathology , Saliva , Esophagitis, Peptic/prevention & control , Saliva/physiology
9.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. 131 p. ilus, tab. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-867714

ABSTRACT

A síndrome de Moebius (SM) é uma diplegia congênita rara caracterizada por paralisia total ou parcial do VI e VII nervos cranianos, que leva à ausência ou deficiência dos movimentos dos músculos envolvidos na mímica facial e ao estrabismo convergente. As características bucais descritas nesses indivíduos incluem o palato ogival, micrognatia, malformação de língua, filtro curto, falta de coaptação de lábios, e maior incidência de lesões de cárie. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características salivares quantitativas e qualitativas, incluindo o proteoma salivar, de indivíduos com SM, associá-las com a saúde bucal, e compará-las com as características salivares de um grupo controle, não afetado pela SM. Foram incluídos 15 indivíduos com SM e 15 controles. O comprometimento facial do individuos com a SM foi avaliada e graduada em scores 0,1 ou 2, uni ou bilateral, para os nervos II, III, IV, V, VI, VII e XI. Os pesquisadores determinaram o índice de cárie (ICDAS), de doença periodontal (PSR) e de placa (Silness Lõe) nos dois grupos de estudo. Também realizaram coletas de saliva total não estimulada, estimulada e parotídea bilateral, sendo o fluxo salivar estabelecido em ml/min. A capacidade tampão foi avaliada na saliva total estimulada através da titulação de HCl 0,01N. A atividade de ?-amilase nas amostrasmfoi medida através da produção de maltose. Para a análise proteômica optou-se pela divisão das amostras de saliva de acordo com o fluxo em ml/min. Desta forma, para cada grupo, estudo e controle, os 4 tipos de saliva (estimulada, não estimulada, parotídea esquerda, parotídea direita) foram subdivididos de acordo com baixo fluxo (abaixo da média do grupo) ou alto fluxo (acima da média do grupo), resultando em 16 subgrupos.


O proteoma foi obtido por duas metodologias distintas, a primeira a partir da cromatografia líquida espectrometria de massas e a segunda que utilizou a técnica de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE) associada à eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (native cationic). A ocorrência das lesões de cárie foi significativamente mais alta entre os participantes com SM (p>0,05) no corte 2, bem como a ocorrência de doença periodontal (p>0,05), quando comparado ao grupo controle. Não houve diferença no índice de placa entre os grupos. A análise proteômica mostrou diminuição de cistatinas B, S e SN nos indivíduos com SM. Não houve diferença no perfil proteico entre os grupos de baixo e de alto fluxo salivar, para indivíduos com SM e controle. Houve aumento na quantidade de amilase salivar em e de histatina 1,3 e 5 em indivíduos com SM. Concluímos que indivíduos com SM apresentam diminuição de fluxo salivar, de capacidade tampão e alterações proteicas que colocam esses indivíduos em situação de maior risco para cárie e para doença periodontal.


The Moebius syndrome (MS) is a rare congenital diplegia characterized by total or partial palsy of the VI and VII cranial nerves, leading to the absence or disability of the movements of facial expression muscles and to convergent strabismus. The oral features described in these individuals include high-arched palate, micrognathia, tongue malformation, short filter, lack of lips coaptation, and higher incidence of caries lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative salivary characteristics, including the salivary proteome of individuals with MS, associate them with the oral health, and compare them to the salivary characteristics of a control group, unaffected by SM. We included 15 subjects with MS and 15 controls. The facial involvement of individuals with MS was evaluated and graded on scores 0, 1 or 2, uni or bilateral to the nerves II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and XI. The researchers established the caries (ICDAS), periodontal disease (PSR) and plate (Silness Lõe) indexes in both groups. We also performed unstimulated, stimulated and bilateral parotid saliva collections, and salivary flow was calculated (ml / min). The buffer capacity was measured in stimulated saliva by titration of 0.01N HCl. The ?-amylase activity was determined by maltose production. For proteomic analysis it was decided to split the saliva samples in accordance with the flow in ml/min. Thus, for each group, study and control, the 4 types of saliva (stimulated, unstimulated, left parotid, right parotid) were subdivided according to low flow (below the group average) or high flow (above average group), resulting in 16 subgroups.


The proteome was obtained by two different methodologies, the first was liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and the second was sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) associated with cationic PAGE. The occurrence of caries lesions, related to cut-off 2, as well as the occurrence of periodontal disease, was significantly higher (p> 0.05) in participants with MS when compared to the control group. There was no statistical difference in plaque index between groups. Proteomics analysis showed decrease of cystatin B, S and SN in individuals with MS. There was no difference in protein profile between the low and high salivary flow groups, for individuals with MS and control. There was an increase in the amylase amount and histatin 1, 3 and 5 in individuals with MS. We concluded that individuals with MS present decreased salivary flow, decreased buffer capacity and protein alterations that place these individuals at increased risk for caries and periodontal disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Peptide Biosynthesis/physiology , Facial Paralysis/classification , Facial Paralysis/complications , Facial Paralysis/diagnosis , Saliva/physiology , Mobius Syndrome/diagnosis , Mobius Syndrome/prevention & control
10.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. 71 p. ilus, tab. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-867715

ABSTRACT

A erosão dentária é um problema de saúde bucal e seu processo ocorre em uma condição multifatorial. Dentre seus principais fatores, a saliva desempenha importantes funções protetoras contra o desenvolvimento deste problema que afeta principalmente as crianças e jovens. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o sistema antioxidante e o estresse oxidativo da saliva de crianças de 4 a 6 anos de idade que possuíam erosão dentária comparando com crianças que não apresentavam esse problema de saúde bucal. Um único examinador treinado e calibrado para o diagnóstico de erosão dentária segundo o índice de BEWE (Basic Erosive Wear Examination), selecionou 40 crianças de 4 a 6 anos de idade que freqüentavam a Clinica de Prevenção de Odontopediatria da Universidade de São Paulo, formando 2 grupos, de crianças com erosão (n=22) e crianças sem erosão (n=18). A quantidade do biofilme dental foi obtida utilizando o índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHO-S) e foi feita a coleta de saliva não estimulada para as análises bioquímicas. O fluxo salivar, a capacidade tampão da saliva, o pH salivar e a proteína total da saliva foram avaliados. Também foram determinadas as atividades das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT), o ácido úrico, o valor do malodialdeído (MDA) para determinação do estresse oxidativo e o total antioxidante (TAS). A proteína total foi menor no grupo de crianças com erosão dentária (p=0,03) e a quantidade de biofilme também foi menor nas crianças com erosão dentária média (desvio padrão) de 0,76 (0,25) comparadas com as crianças sem erosão dentária 1,18 (0,28). Não houve diferença estatística no sistema antioxidante e no estresse oxidativo da saliva de crianças com erosão dentária. A ação do sistema antioxidante e do estresse oxidativo na saliva, não influenciou na erosão dentária, quando ainda se encontrava em estágios mais iniciais deste problema de saúde bucal.


Dental erosion is a problem of oral health and its process occurs in multifactorial conditions. Among its principal factors, saliva plays an important protection role against the development of this problem, which affects children and youngsters mostly. The goal of this study was assessing the antioxidant system and oxidative stress in the saliva of children between the age of four and six who had dental erosion, comparing it to children who did not present this problem of oral health. One single examiner who was trained and prepared for diagnosing dental erosion according to the BEWE (Basic Erosive Wear Examination) index has selected forty children between the age of four and six who went to the Clinic of Prevention of Pediatric Dentistry of the University of São Paulo. Two groups were formed, one of children with dental erosion (n=22), and another with no dental erosion (n=18). The quantity of dental biofilm was verified using the simplified index of oral hygiene (OHI-S) and unstimulated saliva was collected for biochemical analyses. The salivary flow, the buffering capacity of saliva, salivary pH and the total amount protein in it were assessed. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes was also identified, and so were the uric acid and the amount of malodialdehyde (MDA)for determining oxidative stress and total antioxidant status(TAS). There was less total protein in the group of children with dental erosion (p=0,03) and the quantity of biofilm was also smaller in children with dental erosion (standard deviation) of an average of 0,76 (0,25), comparing with children with no dental erosion 1,18 (0,28). There was no statistic difference as far as the antioxidant system and oxidative stress are concerned in the saliva of children with dental erosion. The activity of the antioxidant system and oxidative stress in saliva have not influenced the dental erosion process while it was still in its early stages.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Tooth Erosion/classification , Tooth Erosion/complications , Tooth Erosion/diagnosis , Oxidative Stress , Saliva/physiology
11.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. 65 p. ilus, tab. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-867900

ABSTRACT

Vários métodos de análise para o ensaio do quimioterápico 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) em fluidos biológicos de humanos e animais, foram previamente relatados. Considerando que a administração do 5-FU altera de alguma maneira a morfologia e função das glândulas salivares, e que a presença do quimioterápico na mucosa oral pode levar a algumas complicações orais, este trabalho teve como objetivo de determinar a presença de 5-FU na saliva de hamsters que receberam o quimioterápico pela técnica de Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE), uma vez que este modelo animal é usado nos estudos com mucosite oral e hipofunção glandular, induzidas por 5-FU. Doze animais foram divididos em 4 grupos: CP e CPI, onde os animais receberam intraperitonealmente pilocarpina (CP) ou pilocarpina + isoproterenol (CPI) e o veículo do quimioterápico, e os grupos QP e QPI, onde os animais receberam, respectivamente, os mesmos secretagogos listados acima e o quimioterápico 5-FU. Após a administração do secretagogo, foi coletada a saliva de todos os animais, por um período de 60 min. Em seguida, a saliva foi congelada a -80 ?C para posterior determinação do quimioterápico por CLAE. Após análise dos cromatogramas, e com base nos resultados obtidos, foi possível identificar a presença do 5-FU nas amostras de saliva de hamsters que receberam o quimioterápico via intraperitoneal pela técnica da CLAE.


Various analytical methods for testing the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in biological fluids of humans and animals have been reported previously. Whereas the administration of 5-FU alter in any way the morphology and function of the salivary glands, and that the presence of chemotherapy in the oral mucosa can lead to some oral complications, this study aimed to determine the presence of 5-FU in chemotherapy treated hamsters saliva by Liquid Chromatography High Performance (HPLC), since this animal model is used in studies of oral mucositis and gland hypofunction induced by 5-FU. Twelve animals were divided into 4 groups: intraperitoneally pilocarpine (CP), pilocarpine + isoproterenol (CPI) and the chemotherapy of the vehicle, and the QP and QPI groups where the animals were, respectively, the same secretagogues listed above and 5-FU chemotherapy. After administration secretagogue, the saliva from all animals was collected for a period of 60 min. Then the saliva was frozen at -80 ºC for subsequent determination of chemotherapy by HPLC. After analysis of chromatograms, and based on the results obtained, it was possible to identify the presence of 5-FU in Hamsters saliva samples that received intraperitoneal chemotherapy via the technique of HPLC.


Subject(s)
Cricetinae/growth & development , Chromatography/methods , Drug Therapy/methods , Drug Therapy , Saliva/physiology
12.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. 131 p. ilus, tab. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-871111

ABSTRACT

A síndrome de Moebius (SM) é uma diplegia congênita rara caracterizada por paralisia total ou parcial do VI e VII nervos cranianos, que leva à ausência ou deficiência dos movimentos dos músculos envolvidos na mímica facial e ao estrabismo convergente. As características bucais descritas nesses indivíduos incluem o palato ogival, micrognatia, malformação de língua, filtro curto, falta de coaptação de lábios, e maior incidência de lesões de cárie. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características salivares quantitativas e qualitativas, incluindo o proteoma salivar, de indivíduos com SM, associá-las com a saúde bucal, e compará-las com as características salivares de um grupo controle, não afetado pela SM. Foram incluídos 15 indivíduos com SM e 15 controles. O comprometimento facial do individuos com a SM foi avaliada e graduada em scores 0,1 ou 2, uni ou bilateral, para os nervos II, III, IV, V, VI, VII e XI. Os pesquisadores determinaram o índice de cárie (ICDAS), de doença periodontal (PSR) e de placa (Silness Lõe) nos dois grupos de estudo. Também realizaram coletas de saliva total não estimulada, estimulada e parotídea bilateral, sendo o fluxo salivar estabelecido em ml/min. A capacidade tampão foi avaliada na saliva total estimulada através da titulação de HCl 0,01N. A atividade de ?-amilase nas amostrasmfoi medida através da produção de maltose. Para a análise proteômica optou-se pela divisão das amostras de saliva de acordo com o fluxo em ml/min. Desta forma, para cada grupo, estudo e controle, os 4 tipos de saliva (estimulada, não estimulada, parotídea esquerda, parotídea direita) foram subdivididos de acordo com baixo fluxo (abaixo da média do grupo) ou alto fluxo (acima da média do grupo), resultando em 16 subgrupos. O proteoma foi obtido por duas metodologias distintas, a primeira a partir da cromatografia líquida espectrometria de massas e a segunda que utilizou a técnica de eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE) associada à eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (native cationic). A ocorrência das lesões de cárie foi significativamente mais alta entre os participantes com SM (p>0,05) no corte 2, bem como a ocorrência de doença periodontal (p>0,05), quando comparado ao grupo controle. Não houve diferença no índice de placa entre os grupos. A análise proteômica mostrou diminuição de cistatinas B, S e SN nos indivíduos com SM. Não houve diferença no perfil proteico entre os grupos de baixo e de alto fluxo salivar, para indivíduos com SM e controle. Houve aumento na quantidade de amilase salivar em e de histatina 1,3 e 5 em indivíduos com SM. Concluímos que indivíduos com SM apresentam diminuição de fluxo salivar, de capacidade tampão e alterações proteicas que colocam esses indivíduos em situação de maior risco para cárie e para doença periodontal.


The Moebius syndrome (MS) is a rare congenital diplegia characterized by total or partial palsy of the VI and VII cranial nerves, leading to the absence or disability of the movements of facial expression muscles and to convergent strabismus. The oral features described in these individuals include high-arched palate, micrognathia, tongue malformation, short filter, lack of lips coaptation, and higher incidence of caries lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative salivary characteristics, including the salivary proteome of individuals with MS, associate them with the oral health, and compare them to the salivary characteristics of a control group, unaffected by SM. We included 15 subjects with MS and 15 controls. The facial involvement of individuals with MS was evaluated and graded on scores 0, 1 or 2, uni or bilateral to the nerves II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and XI. The researchers established the caries (ICDAS), periodontal disease (PSR) and plate (Silness Lõe) indexes in both groups. We also performed unstimulated, stimulated and bilateral parotid saliva collections, and salivary flow was calculated (ml / min). The buffer capacity was measured in stimulated saliva by titration of 0.01N HCl. The ?-amylase activity was determined by maltose production. For proteomic analysis it was decided to split the saliva samples in accordance with the flow in ml/min. Thus, for each group, study and control, the 4 types of saliva (stimulated, unstimulated, left parotid, right parotid) were subdivided according to low flow (below the group average) or high flow (above average group), resulting in 16 subgroups. The proteome was obtained by two different methodologies, the first was liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and the second was sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) associated with cationic PAGE. The occurrence of caries lesions, related to cut-off 2, as well as the occurrence of periodontal disease, was significantly higher (p> 0.05) in participants with MS when compared to the control group. There was no statistical difference in plaque index between groups. Proteomics analysis showed decrease of cystatin B, S and SN in individuals with MS. There was no difference in protein profile between the low and high salivary flow groups, for individuals with MS and control. There was an increase in the amylase amount and histatin 1, 3 and 5 in individuals with MS. We concluded that individuals with MS present decreased salivary flow, decreased buffer capacity and protein alterations that place these individuals at increased risk for caries and periodontal disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Peptide Biosynthesis/physiology , Facial Paralysis/classification , Facial Paralysis/complications , Facial Paralysis/diagnosis , Saliva/physiology , Mobius Syndrome/diagnosis , Mobius Syndrome/prevention & control
13.
São Paulo; s.n; 2015. 71 p. ilus, tab. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-871112

ABSTRACT

A erosão dentária é um problema de saúde bucal e seu processo ocorre em uma condição multifatorial. Dentre seus principais fatores, a saliva desempenha importantes funções protetoras contra o desenvolvimento deste problema que afeta principalmente as crianças e jovens. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o sistema antioxidante e o estresse oxidativo da saliva de crianças de 4 a 6 anos de idade que possuíam erosão dentária comparando com crianças que não apresentavam esse problema de saúde bucal. Um único examinador treinado e calibrado para o diagnóstico de erosão dentária segundo o índice de BEWE (Basic Erosive Wear Examination), selecionou 40 crianças de 4 a 6 anos de idade que freqüentavam a Clinica de Prevenção de Odontopediatria da Universidade de São Paulo, formando 2 grupos, de crianças com erosão (n=22) e crianças sem erosão (n=18). A quantidade do biofilme dental foi obtida utilizando o índice de higiene oral simplificado (IHO-S) e foi feita a coleta de saliva não estimulada para as análises bioquímicas. O fluxo salivar, a capacidade tampão da saliva, o pH salivar e a proteína total da saliva foram avaliados. Também foram determinadas as atividades das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT), o ácido úrico, o valor do malodialdeído (MDA) para determinação do estresse oxidativo e o total antioxidante (TAS). A proteína total foi menor no grupo de crianças com erosão dentária (p=0,03) e a quantidade de biofilme também foi menor nas crianças com erosão dentária média (desvio padrão) de 0,76 (0,25) comparadas com as crianças sem erosão dentária 1,18 (0,28). Não houve diferença estatística no sistema antioxidante e no estresse oxidativo da saliva de crianças com erosão dentária. A ação do sistema antioxidante e do estresse oxidativo na saliva, não influenciou na erosão dentária, quando ainda se encontrava em estágios mais iniciais deste problema de saúde bucal.


Dental erosion is a problem of oral health and its process occurs in multifactorial conditions. Among its principal factors, saliva plays an important protection role against the development of this problem, which affects children and youngsters mostly. The goal of this study was assessing the antioxidant system and oxidative stress in the saliva of children between the age of four and six who had dental erosion, comparing it to children who did not present this problem of oral health. One single examiner who was trained and prepared for diagnosing dental erosion according to the BEWE (Basic Erosive Wear Examination) index has selected forty children between the age of four and six who went to the Clinic of Prevention of Pediatric Dentistry of the University of São Paulo. Two groups were formed, one of children with dental erosion (n=22), and another with no dental erosion (n=18). The quantity of dental biofilm was verified using the simplified index of oral hygiene (OHI-S) and unstimulated saliva was collected for biochemical analyses. The salivary flow, the buffering capacity of saliva, salivary pH and the total amount protein in it were assessed. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymes was also identified, and so were the uric acid and the amount of malodialdehyde (MDA)for determining oxidative stress and total antioxidant status(TAS). There was less total protein in the group of children with dental erosion (p=0,03) and the quantity of biofilm was also smaller in children with dental erosion (standard deviation) of an average of 0,76 (0,25), comparing with children with no dental erosion 1,18 (0,28). There was no statistic difference as far as the antioxidant system and oxidative stress are concerned in the saliva of children with dental erosion. The activity of the antioxidant system and oxidative stress in saliva have not influenced the dental erosion process while it was still in its early stages.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Tooth Erosion/classification , Tooth Erosion/complications , Tooth Erosion/diagnosis , Oxidative Stress , Saliva/physiology
14.
Rev. salud pública ; 16(1): 115-125, ene.-feb. 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-717116

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Identificar las variaciones producidas en algunos parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos de la saliva en un grupo de mujeres durante y después de la gestación. Materiales y Métodos Se recolectó saliva total estimulada en una cohorte de 35 mujeres embarazadas y después del parto. A cada muestra le fueron determinadas características fisicoquímicas (tasa de secreción, pH y capacidad amortiguadora) y microbiológicas (recuentos de bacterias acidogénicas). Resultados El pH y la capacidad amortiguadora de la saliva durante el embarazo fueron más bajos que en el posparto, mientras que la tasa de secreción salival fue más alta en el embarazo. Los recuentos de S. mutans y Lactobacillus spp. no presentaron cambios significativos estadísticamente, pero se observa una tendencia al aumento en los recuentos durante la gestación. Conclusión Los cambios ocurridos en la saliva de las gestantes pueden llevar a un aumento del riesgo de aparición de enfermedades bucales como caries, gingivitis y enfermedad periodontal, los cuales podrían disminuirse, mediante un adecuado diagnóstico y seguimiento odontológico, que incluya educación en salud oral a la gestante.


Objectives Identify the changes in some physiological and microbiological parameters in the saliva from a group of women during and after their pregnancies. Methods Stimulated whole saliva was collected from a cohort of 35 women during their pregnancy and afterwards to determine each sample's physicochemical (secretion rate, pH and buffer capacity) and microbiological characteristics (acidogenic bacteria count). Results The pH and buffer capacity of saliva during pregnancy were lower than after pregnancy. There were no statistically significant changes regarding S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. count, but a tendency towards increased values during pregnancy was noted. Conclusions Changes occurring in the saliva of pregnant women can lead to an increase of risk of suffering disease affecting one's oral health, such as caries, gingivitis and periodontal disease; this could be prevented by appropriate diagnosis and dental follow-up, including education regarding pregnant women's oral health.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Saliva/chemistry , Saliva/microbiology , Oral Health , Postpartum Period , Saliva/physiology
15.
Rev. bras. reumatol ; 53(6): 525-531, nov.-dez. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-699282

ABSTRACT

A saliva total é um complexo de secreções multiglandulares composto de fluido gengival, células epiteliais descamadas, microrganismos, produtos do metabolismo bacteriano, resíduos alimentares, leucócitos, muco da cavidade nasal e da faringe. A saliva possui diversas funções, incluindo reparação tecidual, tamponamento, proteção, digestão, gustação, ação antimicrobiana, manutenção da integridade do dente e sistema de defesa antioxidante. A redução do fluxo salivar (hipossalivação) é um distúrbio comum, e estima-se que cerca de 20% da população geral tenham esta alteração. A hipossalivação pode ser decorrente de diabetes mellitus, hipotireoidismo, desidratação, comprometimento do parênquima glandular por processos infecciosos, doenças granulomatosas ou condições autoimunes e inflamatórias (como a síndrome de Sjögren e a artrite reumatoide), radioterapia da região cefálica e/ou cervical, bem como pode estar associada a distúrbios do humor, efeitos adversos ocasionados pelo uso de algumas medicações ou, ainda, ser de causa idiopática. As terapias convencionais para o tratamento da redução do fluxo salivar, com o uso de sialogogos gustatórios e químicos, ainda apresentam restrições. Contudo, novas alternativas têm mostrado grande perspectiva no tratamento deste problema. Diagnosticar um paciente como hipossalivador crônico é um desafio na prática clínica, e os métodos de avaliação do fluxo salivar são pouco conhecidos pelos reumatologistas. A avaliação seriada do fluxo salivar é importante para o correto diagnóstico e prognóstico de determinadas condições bucais e sistêmicas. Esta revisão aborda alguns aspectos relacionados à função da saliva, às consequências da hipossalivação e aos métodos de medição da taxa de fluxo salivar, conceitos úteis na prática diária do reumatologista.


Whole saliva is a multiglandular secretion complex consisting of gingival fluid, desquamated epithelial cells, microorganisms, products of bacterial metabolism, food debris, leukocytes mucus from the nasal cavity and the pharynx. Saliva has many functions, including tissue repair, tamponage, protection, digestion, taste, antimicrobial action, maintaining tooth integrity and antioxidant defense system. A decrease in salivary flow (hyposalivation) is a common disorder and it is estimated that approximately 20% of the general population have this alteration. Hyposalivation may be due to diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, dehydration, impaired glandular parenchyma by infectious processes, granulomatous diseases or autoimmune and inflammatory conditions (such as Sjogren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis), radiotherapy of head and/or neck region, or it may be associated with mood disorders, adverse effects caused by the use of some medications or even be idiopathic. Conventional therapies for the treatment of reduced saliva flow with the use of chemical and gustatory secretagogues are still limited. However, new alternatives have shown great perspective in the treatment of this disorder. To diagnose a patient as having chronic hyposalivation is a challenge in clinical practice and methods of salivary flow assessment are little known by rheumatologists. The serial evaluation of salivary flow is important for the diagnosis and prognosis of certain oral and systemic conditions. This review addresses some aspects related to the role of saliva, the consequences of hyposalivation and methods of salivary flow rate measurement, useful concepts in the daily practice of rheumatology.


Subject(s)
Humans , Saliva/physiology , Salivation/physiology , Xerostomia , Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures , Xerostomia/complications , Xerostomia/diagnosis
16.
Arch. oral res. (Impr.) ; 9(2): 165-170, May-Aug. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-754539

ABSTRACT

A síndrome de Down (SD) é a alteração cromossômica mais comum no ser humano e caracteriza-se pelo aparecimento de um cromossomo extra, localizado no par 21. Objetivo: Nesta pesquisa estudou-se a velocidade de fluxo, o pH e a capacidade de tamponamento salivar em pacientes portadores da síndrome de Down. Materiais e Métodos: Foram selecionados 60 indivíduos não aparentados, pareados em idade e sexo, residentes em Curitiba, Paraná, sendo 30 indivíduos diagnosticados com SD (grupo experimental) e 30 indivíduos normorreativos (grupo controle). Para as avaliações bioquímicas salivares coletaram-se as amostras pelo método Spitting preconizado por Navazesh (1992) e posteriormente realizaram-se as análises. O fluxo salivar foi calculado através da fórmula de Banderas-Tarabay (1997). O pH salivar foi mensurado com o auxílio de um medidor digital e a capacidade tampão com o kit Caritest® – SL. Resultados: O valor médio do fluxo salivar foi estatisticamente menor para os indivíduos portadores da SD e os valores médios de pH e capacidade tampão salivar não diferiram entre os grupos. Conclusão: Indivíduos com SD apresentaram alterações uantitativas e não qualitativas do fluido salivar...


Down syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosomal abnormality in humans and is characterizedby the appearance of an extra chromosome, located at par 21. Objective: In this research we studiedthe flow rate, pH and buffering capacity of saliva in patients with Down syndrome. Materials and methods:60 unrelated individuals were selected matched by age and sex, living in Curitiba, Paraná, with 30 patientsdiagnosed with DS (experimental group) and 30 normoreactive individuals (control group). For biochemicalassessment, salivary samples were collected by Spitting method, recommended by Navazesh (1992) and thenthe analyses were carried out. Salivary flow was calculated using the formula of Banderas-Tarabay (1997).Salivary pH was measured with the aid of a digital meter and buffering capacity with the Caritest® – SL kit.Results: The mean salivary flow was statistically lower for patients with SD and the average values of pH andsalivary buffer capacity did not differ between groups. Conclusion: Individuals with SD showed no quantitativeand qualitative changes in salivary fluid...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Saliva/physiology , Saliva/chemistry , Salivation/physiology , Down Syndrome/physiopathology , Case-Control Studies , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Reference Values , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors
17.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-724204

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de diferentes gomas de mascar sobre o pH salivar de crianças em dentadura decídua.Métodos: foram selecionadas 40 crianças e divididas em quatro grupos: controle (sem goma de mascar), goma de mascar sem açúcar, goma demascar com fosfopeptídeo de caseína û fosfato de cálcio amorfo e goma de mascar com xilitol. Após a escovação dentária supervisionada para estabilização do pH bucal foi realizada a primeira coleta de saliva. Após isso, todas as crianças foram instruídas a beberem lentamente 100 mL de refrigerante à base de cola (Coca-Cola®), e após 10 min foi realizada nova coleta. Logo após, cada grupo fez uso de sua goma de mascar durante 5 min e a descartou, sendo coletada saliva novamente em intervalos de 5, 10 e 15 min após o início do uso da goma. Os métodos utilizados para leitura do pH salivar foram fitas colorimétricas e pH-metro digital. O tratamento estatístico dos dados foi feito por meio da Análise de Variância (Anova) e teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 95%. Resultados: o uso de gomas de mascar acelerou a elevação do pH salivar em níveis bastante alcalinos após o consumo de bebida ácida, principalmente nos primeiros minutos. Os níveis mais elevados foram encontrados nos grupos que utilizaram gomas contendo xilitol e fosfopeptídeo de caseína û fosfato de cálcio amorfo. Conclusão: o uso de gomas de mascar após a ingestão de bebida ácida elevou o pH salivar, sendo que os grupos que utilizaram gomas com fosfopeptídeo de caseína û fosfato de cálcio amorfo e xilitol em sua composição apresentaram os melhores resultados...


Objective: To evaluate the effect of different chewing gum brands on the salivary pH of children with primary dentition. Method: Forty children were selected and assigned to four groups: control (no chewing gum); sugarless chewing gum; chewing gum with casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate; and chewing gum with xylitol. The first saliva collection was made after supervised tooth brushing for stabilization of the oral pH. Next, all children were instructed to drink slowly 100 mL of a cola-based soft drink (Coca-Cola®) and a new saliva collection was made 10 min later. Then, each group chewed on the chewing gum for 5 min and discarded it after this time. Saliva was collected again at 5, 10 and 15 min intervals after start using the chewing gum. Measurement of salivary pH was made with colorimetric test papers and a digital pH-meter. Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey?s test at a 5% significance level. Results: The use of chewing gums accelerated the increase of salivary pH to considerably alkaline levels after consumption of an acidic beverage, especially within the first minutes. The highest levels were obtained in the groups of children that used chewing gums containing xylitol and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate. Conclusion: Children that used the chewing gums after ingestion of an acidic soft drink presented an increase in salivary pH, with the best results in the groups that used chewing gums containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and xylitol...


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Dental Caries/prevention & control , Chewing Gum , Saliva/physiology , Analysis of Variance , Statistics, Nonparametric , Xylitol/administration & dosage
18.
São Paulo; s.n; 2013. 84 p. ilus, tab, graf. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-746920

ABSTRACT

O vírus Epstein Barr (EBV) é oncogênico e relacionado com a etiologia de inúmeras neoplasias malignas, como linfomas de Burkitt, Hodgkin(LH), não-Hodgkin (LNH), nasal de células NK, além de carcinoma nasofaríngeo, desordens linfoproliferativas, bem como outras lesões não malignas. A incidência de LNH em pacientes HIV positivos é maior em relação a indivíduos saudáveis, sendo 75% desses linfomas, EBV positivos, com alta taxa de DNA e expressão de genes virais. Além disso, aumento da carga viral em pacientes transplantados é preditivo de uma neoplasia maligna associada ao EBV. EBV é facilmente transmitido pela saliva e estudos apontam uma maior quantidade do DNA-EBV em saliva em relação ao sangue. Os métodos clássicos de diagnóstico - Imunoabsorbância (ELlSA); Imunoistoquímica; Reação de Polimerase em Cadeia (PCR); e Hibridização in situ - são realizados em laboratórios bem equipados e por profissionais qualificados, com reagentes específicos e onerosos, e tempo de análise com variação de horas ou até mesmo dias. O desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos rápidos, seguros e de baixo custo para diagnóstico e controle de doenças em humanos tem despertado grande interesse científico através dos biossensores. Simplicidade de utilização e grande sensibilidade nos resultados, diagnóstico em tempo reduzido, uso de pequenas quantidades de amostras e baixo custo, despontam como grandes vantagens para investimento em pesquisa no desenvolvimento dos biossesores, com potencial substituinte de técnicas analíticas tradicionais. Nesse trabalho foi desenvolvido um biossensor para diagnóstico do EBV, isto é, presença ou ausência, em saliva de pacientes HIV positivos. Este sistema foi formado pela imobilização de sequências oligonucleotideos modificados com grupo tiol, complementares ao gene alvo do EBV (EBV-DNA), em nanopartículas de ouro (AuNp) baseado no princípio de detecção colori métrica visual direta. O resultado positivo apresenta mudança de cor da solução do conjugado (AuNp/EBV-DNA) em contato com saliva, e o negativo não mostra mudança de cor sob as mesmas condições. Foi padronizado a partir de amostras de saliva previamente analisadas pela técnica de quantificação absoluta por PCR em Tempo Real. Apresentou linearidade de resposta entre 495.000 e 495 cópias de vírus/uL (R2=0,982), detecção limite de 0,29 cópia/uL e a sensibilidade foi de 0,022 cópias/uL em testes com saliva. Portanto, desenvolvemos um biossensor para diagnóstico do EBV em saliva, de baixo custo, sensível e específico, para ser utilizado em laboratórios, consultórios e/ou ambulatórios, sem a necessidade de equipamento e capacitação profissional para interpretação de resultados.


Epstein Barr (EBV) is an oncogenic vírus that is related to several diferent malignant neoplasms, such as, Burkitl, Hodgkin (HL) and non-Hodgkin (NHL) Iymphomas, nasal NK-cell Iymphoma, besides nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Iymphoproliferative disorders, and other non-neoplastic disorders. NHL is more incident in HIV patients than in healthy individuais, and 75% of these Iymphomas are EBV positive. Also, an increase in the viral load of transplanted patients is considered predictive of an EBV related neoplasm. EBV may be transmitled by the saliva of and infected person, and the literatures shows a higher DNA amount in this fluid than in blood. The classical diagnostic methods: immunoassay (ELlSA); immunohistochemistry; polymerase chain reaction (PCR); and "in situ" hybridization, are performed in well-equipped laboratories, by trained professionals, with specific and expensive reagents. Usually it takes hours or even days to analyze the results. The development of safe, quick and low-cost innovative methods for diagnosis and control of human diseases has challenged scientists, and biosensors are receiving a great deal of focus. Usability, sensitivity, short-term results, low sample amount and low-cost made biosensors a potential substitute for traditional analytical methods. In this work we developed a biosensor for EBV diagnosis, that is, its presence or absence, in HIV patients. The biosensor is based on the immobilization of EBV specific oligonucleotides sequences in gold nanoparticles by a thiol group. The system is based on a colorimetric detection by direct visualization. A positive result shows a change in color when the conjugate (AuNp/EBV-DNA) is in contact with an EBV infected saliva. EBV DNA copies in saliva were analyzed by absolute quantification with real time PCR. Results present linearity between 495000 and 495 copies/ul (R2=0.982), the detection limit was 0.29 copies/uL, and the sensitivity was 0.022 copies/uL. Therefore, a low-cost, sensitive and specific biosensor for salivary EBV diagnosis was developed. The system is possible to be used in laboratories, clinics, medical and dental offices, with no need of special equipment or training to understand the results.


Subject(s)
Nanoparticles , Oligonucleotides , Saliva/physiology , Viruses/growth & development
19.
São Paulo; s.n; 2013. 60 p. ilus, tab. (BR).
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-867032

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Avaliar os níveis de mieloperoxidase do fluido gengival (MPO) e de peroxidase salivar (SPO) de pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 com periodontite crônica generalizada (DMDP) antes e após o tratamento periodontal. Material e Métodos: Participaram do estudo 31 indivíduos com DMDP, 31 controle com DM 2 (DM), 31 com periodontite crônica generalizada sem diabetes (DP) e 31 Controles(C) saudáveis periodontalmente e sistemicamente. Foram coletados dados de parâmetros clínicos como profundidade clínica de sondagem (PCS), nível clínico de inserção (NCI), sangramento à sondagem (SS), índice de placa (IP) e amostras de sangue para hemoglobina glicada, saliva e fluido gengival (FG) de todos os pacientes antes e 30 dias após o tratamento periodontal (TP). A atividade das enzimas foi determinada pela técnica de espectrofotometria. Os dados clínicos e enzimáticos foram analisados por métodos estatísticos não-paramétricos. Resultados: No baseline, a atividade da MPO estava maior no grupo DMDP: 1893,27 comparado ao grupo DM: 1202,73 (p0,015) e ao grupo C: 6,46 (p0,001). Também se mostrou mais elevada no grupo DP: 2196,10 em relação ao grupo C: 6,46 (p0,007). O tratamento periodontal se mostrou efetivo na redução de MPO nos grupos DMDP e DP (p0,004). A atividade da SPO estava mais elevada na comparação entre os grupos DMDP: 138859,10 e grupo C: 26927,453 (p0,001) e DMDP com o grupo DP: 59115,99 (p<0,02). O tratamento periodontal se mostrou eficiente para a redução dos níveis de SPO nos grupos DMDP e DP, mas apenas foi significante para o grupo DP (p<0,005). Conclusão: A SPO apresentou níveis mais elevados nos grupos DMDP comparado ao grupo DP e ao grupo C. A MPO apresentou níveis mais elevados no grupo DMDP comparados aos grupos DM e C. E o grupo DP mostrou maiores níveis de MPO em comparação ao grupo C


O tratamento periodontal foi efetivo na melhora dos parâmetros clínicos periodontais, no volume do FG nos grupos DMDP e DP que se refletiu na redução dos níveis de SPO no grupo DP e de MPO nos grupos DMDP e DP. Após o tratamento periodontal, os níveis de MPO se mostraram maiores para o grupo DMDP comparados aos níveis observados no grupo DP


Objectives: To evaluate the levels of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) myeloperoxidase (MPO) and salivary peroxidase (TSP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (DMDP) before and after the nonsurgical periodontal treatment (PT). Material and Methods Thirty-one individuals were included in each group: DMDP, DM, chronic periodontitis (DP), control (C). Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), blood, saliva and GCF of all patients were collected at baseline and 30 days after PT. The enzyme activity was determined by spectrophotometer. Clinical and enzymatic data were analyzed by non-parametric statistical methods. Results: At baseline, the MPO activity was significantly higher in the DMDP: 1893.27 compared to the DM group: 1202.73 (p ) and to C group: 6.46 (p ). Results also showed significantly higher levels in the DP group: 2196.10 compared to the C group: 6.46 (p 0.007). PT reduced MPO levels in DP and DMDP groups (p 0.004). TPS activity was significantly higher in DMDP: 138859.10 and C: 26927.453 groups (p when compared with DMDP and DP: 59115.99 groups (p<0.02). PT effectively reduced TPS levels of DMDP and DP groups, but achieved statistical significance for the PD group (p <0005). Conclusion: TPS showed higher levels for DMDP groups compared to PD and C group. MPO showed higher levels for DMDP group compared to DM and C. PD group showed higher levels of MPO compared to C group


Periodontal treatment resulted in significant improvement of clinical parameters and FG volume for both groups DP and DMDP. That was reflected in the low levels of TPS in DP group and the low levels of MPO in DP and DMDP groups. After periodontal therapy, MPO levels were higher for DMDP group compared to the levels observed in PD group


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Diabetes Mellitus/classification , Chronic Periodontitis/diagnosis , Salivary Glands , Saliva/physiology
20.
J. appl. oral sci ; 20(5): 493-502, Sept.-Oct. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-654911

ABSTRACT

Dental erosion is a multifactorial condition. The consideration of chemical, biological and behavioral factors is fundamental for its prevention and therapy. Among the biological factors, saliva is one of the most important parameters in the protection against erosive wear. Objective: This review discusses the role of salivary factors on the development of dental erosion. Material and Methods: A search was undertaken on MeDLINe website for papers from 1969 to 2010. The keywords used in the research were "saliva", "acquired pellicle", "salivary flow", "salivary buffering capacity" and "dental erosion". Inclusion of studies, data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken independently and in duplicate by two members of the review team. Disagreements were solved by discussion and consensus or by a third party. Results: Several characteristics and properties of saliva play an important role in dental erosion. Salivary clearance gradually eliminates the acids through swallowing and saliva presents buffering capacity causing neutralization and buffering of dietary acids. Salivary flow allows dilution of the acids. In addition, saliva is supersaturated with respect to tooth mineral, providing calcium, phosphate and fluoride necessary for remineralization after an erosive challenge. Furthermore, many proteins present in saliva and acquired pellicle play an important role in dental erosion. Conclusions: Saliva is the most important biological factor affecting the progression of dental erosion. Knowledge of its components and properties involved in this protective role can drive the development of preventive measures targeting to enhance its known beneficial effects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Saliva/chemistry , Saliva/physiology , Tooth Erosion/chemically induced , Dental Enamel/chemistry , Dental Pellicle/chemistry , Dentin/chemistry , Fluorides/administration & dosage , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/physiology , Salivation/physiology , Tooth Remineralization
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